GENDER BIAS IN THE JOURNALISM PROFESSION AGAINST WOMEN IN MEDAN CITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30829/jai.v14i2.25526Keywords:
Gender Bias, Female Journalists, Gender Equality in MediaAbstract
This study aims to answer the following question: what forms and mechanisms of gender bias are experienced by female journalists in Medan, and how do these biases impact their roles and positions within the field of journalism? Employing a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that female journalists in Medan face systemic inequalities, including gender-based task segregation, male dominance in strategic editorial positions, and inadequate protection against harassment and workplace discrimination. Furthermore, prevailing social and cultural norms reinforce domestic expectations of women, which significantly restrict their mobility and career advancement in journalism. These findings affirm the relevance of structural feminist theory and the intersectionality framework, while offering practical contributions for the development of gender-responsive media policies. The study recommends revising internal media policies and strengthening advocacy networks to create a more equitable, inclusive, and discrimination-free professional environment for female journalists.References
Ariyanti, I. (2017). Representasi gender dalam dunia jurnalistik di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 15(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v15i1.1123
Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination (R. Nice, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
Byerly, C. M., & Ross, K. (2006). Women and media: A critical introduction. Blackwell Publishing.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). University of California Press.
Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Harvard Business Press.
Fakih, M. (2013). Analisis gender dan transformasi sosial (6th ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Fraser, N. (2003). Justice interruptus: Critical reflections on the "postsocialist" condition. Routledge.
Gallagher, M. (2001). Gender setting: New agendas for media monitoring and advocacy. Zed Books.
Heryanto, A. (2010). Popular culture in Indonesia: Fluid identities in post-authoritarian politics. Routledge.
Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for everybody: Passionate politics. South End Press.
ILO. (2017). Women in media: From inequality to empowerment. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org
Jackson, C., & Scott, S. (2002). Gender: A sociological reader. Routledge.
Kusumaningrum, S. R. (2020). Bias gender dalam media: Analisis terhadap keterwakilan perempuan di ruang redaksi. Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media, 6(1), 14-25.
Lovenduski, J., & Norris, P. (2003). Gender and political participation. Harvard University Press.
Mackinnon, C. A. (1987). Feminism unmodified: Discourses on life and law. Harvard University Press.
Mills, S. (2008). Feminist stylistics. Routledge.
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif (Edisi revisi). Remaja Rosdakarya.
Morissan. (2013). Manajemen media siaran: Strategi mengelola media radio dan televisi. Kencana.
North, L. (2009). The gendered newsroom: How journalists experience the changing world of media. Hampton Press.
Oakley, A. (1974). The sociology of housework. Pantheon Books.
Paramita, A. S., & Herawati, T. (2020). Pelecehan seksual di lingkungan kerja media: Studi kasus di kota-kota besar Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.25008/jki.v8i2.255
Ritzer, G., & Goodman, D. J. (2012). Sociological theory (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Risman, B. J. (2004). Gender as a social structure: Theory wrestling with activism. Gender & Society, 18(4), 429-450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243204265349
Ross, K. (2001). Women at work: Journalism as en-gendered practice. Journalism Studies, 2(4), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700120085949
Ross, K., & Carter, C. (2011). Women and news: A long and winding road. Media, Culture & Society, 33(8), 1148-1165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443711418272
Sobur, A. (2009). Analisis teks media: Suatu pengantar untuk analisis wacana, analisis semiotik, dan analisis framing. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Tong, R. (2009). Feminist thought: A more comprehensive introduction (3rd ed.). Westview Press.
UNESCO. (2019). Gender-sensitive indicators for media: Framework of indicators to gauge gender sensitivity in media operations and content. UNESCO Publishing.
UN Women. (2020). Safe spaces at work: Gender-responsive mechanisms to address sexual harassment. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. https://www.unwomen.org
Wacjman, J. (1998). Managing like a man: Women and men in corporate management. Polity Press.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
Zoonen, L. V. (1994). Feminist media studies. SAGE Publications.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access
LICENSE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
