Religion–State Relations during the Reign of Umar ibn Abd Al-Aziz (717–720 CE): An Ethical State Model in Classical Islamic Politics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v10i1.29928Keywords:
State, Religion, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.Abstract
This study examines the relationship between religion and the state during the reign of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717–720 CE) from the perspective of Islamic political history. It addresses a significant gap in the existing literature, which has predominantly portrayed Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz as an exemplary moral ruler while paying limited attention to the structural relationship between religious and political authority under his administration. Employing a qualitative library-based method, the study adopts intellectual and political historical approaches to analyze classical Islamic sources alongside contemporary scholarship. The analysis focuses on four key dimensions: political legitimacy, the role of religious scholars, administrative reform, and the ethical orientation of the state. The findings reveal that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz neither separated religion from the state nor instrumentalized religion solely to legitimize political power. Instead, he developed an integrative model in which religion functioned as the normative foundation of governance, while the state operated as an ethical institution responsible for realizing justice, accountability, and public welfare. This study argues that his administration represents an early articulation of the ethical state in classical Islamic political thought. Its novelty lies in reinterpreting Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's governance as an institutional model of religion–state relations rather than merely an example of personal piety, thereby contributing to a more structural and theoretical understanding of classical Islamic political thought.References
Al-Baghdadi, A.-K. (2021). Keutamaan Belajar Ilmu Hadis: Terjemah Kitab Syaraf Ashabil Hadits (I; M. K. Huda & R. Fachruddin, Eds.). Tangerang: Yayasan Pengkajian Hadits el-Bukhori.
Aljedani, S. M. (2025). The Impact of Governance and Social Reform on the Welfare of the People during the Reign of Caliph Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz (99-101 AH): A Historical and Cultural Study. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 20(2), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol20no2.5
Anzaikhan, M., & Idani, F. (2022). Kepemimpinan Ideal Umar bin Abdul Aziz dan Relevansinya Terhadap Konsep Pemerintahan Modern (Studi Analisis Pemikiran Fahruddin Faiz). Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Dan Politik Islam, 9(2), 125–139.
Azman, Z. (2017). Strategi Dakwah Umar bin Abdul Aziz dalam Menanamkan Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam. El-Ghiroh, 13(2), 1–21.
Azmirrijali, Z. (2026). The geopolitical complexity of medieval islam: dynastic conflicts among the safawid, mamluks, and ottoman. Juspi (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam), 9(2), 307–315.
Bestari, M. A. A., A’la, A., & Rochimah. (2024). Dinamika Kekhalifahan Islam Bani Umayyah di Masa Pemerintahan Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan ( 661-680 M ): Pengaruh Politik , Sosial dan Budaya. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Mahasiswa Sejarah Peradaban Islam (Konmaspi), 1, 910–920.
Ejaz, H. Q., & Gulzar, S. (2024). The Concept of Islamic Welfare State: A Review of Reforms during the Reign of Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz. Al-ĀFāq Islamic Research Journal, 04(01), 158–169.
Faizi, H. G. (2012). Umar bin Abdul Aziz 29 Bulan Mengubah Dunia. Jakarta: Cahaya Siroh.
Fikri, H. (2018). Dialektika Dakwah Dan Kebijakan Publik Perspektif Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Jurnal MD: Membangun Profesionalisme Manajemen Dakwah, 4(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.14421/jmd.2018.42-01
Firdaus, M. A. (2014). Relasi Agama dan Negara: Telaah Historis dan Perkembangannya. Harmoni (Jurnal Multikultural & Multireligius), 13(3), 165–174.
Fitria, D. (2019). Kebijakan Politik dan Birokrasi Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz (99-101 H/717-720 M). Madania: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan …, 9(1).
Fuad, A. (2013). The Great of Two Umars: Kisah Hidup Dua Khalifah Paling Legendaris (Umar ibn al-Khathab dan Umar ibn Abdul Aziz) (I). Jakarta: Zaman.
Gustapu, T. A., & Lukita Devy, N. F. (2026). Optimalisasi Fungsi Lembaga Zakat Dalam Perspektif Kepemimpinan Islam: Studi Kebijakan Berbasis Keteladanan Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. JHESy: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 05(01), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.37968/jhesy.v5i1.2141
Hanafiah, Y. (2021). Rekonstruksi Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Umar bin Abdul Aziz: Aktualisasi Politik Pengembangan Pendidikan. Al-Fahim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.54396/alfahim.v3i1.137
Irvanul Vaza, M. R. (2023). Keteladanan Umar bin Abdul Aziz: Pendidikan Karakter dan Parenting terhadap Keluarga. Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal (MIJ), 2(12), 1212–1220.
Kamsi. (2012). Paradigma Politik Islam Tentang Relasi Agama dan Negara. In Right: Jurnal Agama Dan Hak Azazi Manusia, 2(1), 41–68.
Kusumastuti, A. S., & Ghozali, M. (2019). Konsep Welfare State Pada Kebijakan Umar bin Abdi Aziz Sebagai Khalifah Bani Umayyah. Laa Maisyir, 6(2), 282–296.
Muliadi, Nurfadillah, & Bahaking Rama. (2025). Khalifah Umar Bin Abdul Aziz Dan Kebijakan Politiknya. Ulil Albab: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 4(2), 504–509. https://doi.org/10.56799/jim.v4i2.6820
Muslim, K. L., & Afdayeni, M. (2019). Umar bin Abdul Azis: Zaman Keemasan Islam Masa Dinasti Umayyah. Islam Transformatif: Journal of Islamic Studies, 03(01), 30–37.
Nduru, F., Athifah NST, I. S., & Tariatil. (2025). The Concept of Leadership Strengthening by Umar bin Abdul Aziz in the Umayyah Dynasty. Educational Leadership: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(2), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.38073/pelita.v3i2.4281
Nurhalisa, Hidayati, T., & Maulana, A. W. (2024). Revolusi Ekonomi Daulah Umayyah: Kebijakan Umar Bin Abdul Aziz dan Filosofi Kesejahteraan Islam. Tsarwah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 9(2), 118–125.
Qudsy, S. Z. (2013). Umar bin Abdul Aziz dan Semangat Penulisan Hadis. Esensia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 14(2), 257. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v14i2.760
Rahmi, A. F., Royyan, A. A. H. A., & Abdulrahman. (2025). Umar bin Abdul Aziz: A Portrait of a Just Leader and Its Relevance for Today’s Leadership. Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Civilization and Humanities, 3(2), 452–460.
Rosyidi, M. H. (2017). Kepemimpinan Profetik Umar Bin Khattab Dan Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Ummul Qura: Jurnal Institut Pesantren Sunan Drajat (Insud) Lamongan, 10(2), 19–31.
Setyaningsih, N. R. C., & Imawan, D. H. (2025). Kodifikasi Hadis Sebagai Fondasi Hukum Islam Pada Era Umar Bin Abdul Aziz Daulah Umayyah di Damaskus 717-720 M. Batuthah: Jurnal Sejarah Padaban Islam, 4(2), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.38073/batuthah.v4i2.3331
Sutriyono, & Hidayat, A. (2023). Kepemimpinan Umar bin Abdul Aziz Perspektif Teori Keteladanan Kauzes-Posner. Inteleksia: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah, 05(01), 47–68.
Tyas, A. F. C., & Bahruddin, E. (2018). Kepemimpinan Umar Bin Abdul Aziz dalam Menghimpun Hadits dengan Metode Rihlah. Prosiding ACMaS: Annual Conference on Madrasah Studies, 1(1), 109–118.
Ulhaq, M. Z. (2020). Pengelolaan Keuangan Publik Islam (Umar bin Abdul Aziz). Journal of Islamic Economic And Business (JIEB), 2(1), 64–80.
Zainuddin, M. (2025). Sejarah Peradaban Islam Terlengkap: Periode Pra-Kenabian, Klasik, Pertengahan, Modern, hingga Dinamika Islam Indonesia (I). Yogyakarta: Ranah Buku.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Statement
1. Author(s)'s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author, and free of any third-party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
2. Right of Authors
JUSPI allows the author(s) to hold the copyright. Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:
- Reproduce the work.
- Prepare derivative works based on the work.
- Distribute copies of the work.
- Perform the work publicly.
- Display the work publicly.
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights.
- The right to self-archive the article (please read our Repository Policy).
- The right to enter separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (JUSPI).
3. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, any author submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. JUSPI will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. JUSPI will only communicate with the corresponding author.
4. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by JUSPI.
5. User/Public Right
JUSPI's spirit is to disseminate articles published as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, JUSPI permits users to share, copy, redistribute, display, and perform the material in any medium or format. Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Users will also need to attribute authors and JUSPI to distributing works in the journal and other media of publication.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
