Dinasti Abbasiyah: Kemajuan Peradaban Islam, Pendidikan, dan Kebangkitan Kaum Intelektual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v3i2.4382Abstract
Dalam literatur sejarah Islam, Baghdad dikenal sebagai pusat peradaban Islam, baik dalam bidang sains, budaya dan sastra. Kemajuan peradaban ini menghadirkan Baghdad sebagai kota para intelektual, tidak hanya orang arab yang hadir, bangsa Eropa, Persia, Cina, India serta Afrika turut hadir mengisi atmosfer pengetahuan disini. Masa kekhalifahan Abbasiyah ini lah yang dikenal berkembang pesatnya pengetahuan. Pada masa ini banyak sekali bermunculan intelektual-intelektual muslim baik dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan maupun ilmu agama. Dalam masa kekhalifahan Abbasiyah keadaaan sosial ekonomi pun berkembang dengan baik. Seperti halnya dalam bidang pertanian maupun perdagangan. Masyarakat pada masa itu mampu mengatur tatanan kehidupannya dengan baik, hingga dikenal sebagai negeri masyhur dan makmur. Pada masa kerajaan Abbasiyah kekuasaan Islam bertambah luas. Masyarakat dibagi atas dua kelompok yaitu kelompok khusus dan kelompok umum, kelompok umum terdiri dari Seniman, ulama, fuqoha, pujangga, saudagar, pengusaha kaum buruh, dan para petani sedangkan kelompok khusus terdiri dari khalifah, keluarga khalifah, para bangsawan, dan petugas-petugas Negara. Dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, para khalifah banyak mendukung perkembangan tersebut, terlihat dari banyaknya buku-buku bahasa asing yang diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa arab, dan lahirnya para kaum intelektual. Kata Kunci: Dinasti Abbasiyah, Baghdad, Kaum Intelektual.References
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Majalah As-Sunnah Edisi 7 Tahun XV 1432 H/2011 M. Diakses pada 20/04/2019.
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