Expert System Analysis of Divorce Case Handling in Islamic Law Using Breadth First Search Algorithm

Authors

  • Dicky Apdilah Universitas Asahan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
  • Harmayani Harmayani Universitas Asahan
  • Emiel Salim Siregar Universitas Asahan
  • Aris Siregar Universitas Asahan
  • Dian Ayu Andriani Universitas Asahan
  • Ali Ikhwan Computer and Communication Engineering, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Moustafa H Aly Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30829/zero.v9i1.24342

Keywords:

Divorce, Courts of Religion, System of Experts, Breadth First Search

Abstract

Divorce is a separation between spouses often triggered by domestic violence, adultery, mental illness, gambling, or polygamy. Many first-time divorce plaintiffs are unaware of the proper legal procedures and tend to rush through the process. To address this, an expert system was developed using the Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm to provide a more structured and measurable approach to divorce filing. The system aims to simplify and clarify the divorce procedure. The development process followed Rapid Application Development (RAD), with data collected through observations, interviews, and literature review. Experimental results with a sample of 100 users showed that 85% reported increased confidence in making decisions, the time to obtain accurate information decreased by 40%, and understanding of the divorce procedure improved by 90%. The system achieved a 92% user satisfaction rate, demonstrating its effectiveness. The BFS algorithm proved to be efficient and reliable, with statistically significant improvements in user experience.

References

N. S. Pandey, P. Rawat, S. Kathuria, R. Singh, G. Chhabra, and G. Pant, "Artificial Intelligence Assistance in the Domain of Law," in Proceedings of IEEE InC4 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Communications, 2023. doi: 10.1109/InC457730.2023.10263230.

S. S. Gulyamov, A. A. Rodionov, I. R. Rustambekov, and A. N. Yakubov, "The Growing Significance of Cyber Law Professionals in Higher Education: Effective Learning Strategies and Innovative Approaches," in Proceedings - 2023 3rd International Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning in Higher Education, TELE 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/TELE58910.2023.10184186.

G. Melypataki, "Industry 4.0 and labour law - Does law 4.0 exist?," in Proceedings of the 2023 24th International Carpathian Control Conference, ICCC 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/ICCC57093.2023.10178956.

I. Sidqi, "Hukum Islam Jurnal Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Dispute Resolution of Religious Courts," 1829.

A. Biju, G. MP, J. N, A. Chris, and N. R. Thaleeparambil, "Efficient Pathfinding in a Maze to overcome Challenges in Robotics and AI Using Breadth-First Search," in 2025 IEEE 14th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2025, pp. 727-732. doi: 10.1109/CSNT64827.2025.10968383.

M. A. Malek, "Criminal courts' artificial intelligence: the way it reinforces bias and discrimination," AI Ethics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 233-245, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s43681-022-00137-9.

Y. Wang, "A Formal Theory of AI Trustworthiness for Evaluating Autonomous AI Systems," in Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2022. doi: 10.1109/SMC53654.2022.9945351.

R. Walters and M. Novak, "Artificial Intelligence and Law BT - Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection & the Law," R. Walters and M. Novak, Eds., Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021, pp. 39-69. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-1665-5_3.

E. Bai, Z. Zhang, Y. Xu, X. Luo, and K. Adelgais, "Enhancing prehospital decision-making: exploring user needs and design considerations for clinical decision support systems," BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak., vol. 25, no. 1, p. 31, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s12911-024-02844-1.

A. Ikhwan and A. Buyung Nasution, "Introduction to the Heritage Building Medan City Using Augmented Reality," Sinkron, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2568-2575, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.33395/sinkron.v7i4.11878.

K. Jin and L. Li, "Research on Research and Development System of Microelectronic Process Virtual Simulation Technology Based on Unity3D," in 2023 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications, ICAICA 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/ICAICA58456.2023.10405513.

S. Hug, P. Morreale, and H. Thiry, "Improving Undergraduate Research Mentoring Practices: Faculty Development to Support Non-Traditional Students in Computing Research," in Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE, 2023. doi: 10.1109/FIE58773.2023.10343056.

J. Shi and Y. Xu, "ABi-BFS: A High-performance Parallel Breadth-First Search on Shared-memory Systems," in 2023 IEEE 29th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), 2023, pp. 2785-2788. doi: 10.1109/ICPADS60453.2023.00381.

H. Ren, J. Deng, B. Zhang, Z. Ye, and X. Fu, "A Breadth-First Search Algorithm Accelerator Based on CSCI Graph Data Format," in 2022 4th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (ICNLP), 2022, pp. 636-640. doi: 10.1109/ICNLP55136.2022.00116.

Dini Syahfitri, B. Serasi Ginting, and A. Sihombing, "Expert System To Diagnose Pregnancy Diseases In Women Using Naive Bayes Method," J. Inf. Syst. Technol. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 98-102, May 2022, doi: 10.55537/jistr.v1i2.148.

A. Pahsa, "Financial technology decision support systems," J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 5, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s43067-023-00130-0.

R. Hirmiz, "The Epistemic Role of AI Decision Support Systems: Neither Superiors, Nor Inferiors, Nor Peers," Philos. Technol., vol. 37, no. 4, p. 127, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s13347-024-00819-8.

M. L. A. S. Lutfil, Samsudin, and Triase, "Application Of The Triple Exponential Smoothing Method In Predicting Electronic Equipment Inventory Based On Customer Demand," J. Inf. Syst. Technol. Res., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 54-65, 2023, doi: 10.55537/jistr.v2i2.616.

R. Wang, "The Comparison and Analysis of Autonomous Food Delivery Robot Based on Artificial Potential Field and Breadth-First Search Methods," in 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA), 2023, pp. 1943-1947. doi: 10.1109/EEBDA56825.2023.10090724.

Z. Shiwei, Z. Yangyang, and H. Feilong, "Simulation of AGV Airport Path Planning Based on Improved Breadth-First Search Algorithm," in 2024 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Sensors, Electronics and Computer Engineering (ICSECE), 2024, pp. 330-334. doi: 10.1109/ICSECE61636.2024.10729370.

A. H. Mohamud, "Breadth First Search Job Scheduler based on Backpropagation Neural Network with Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm," in 2023 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), 2023, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/ICECET58911.2023.10389240.

Y. Zhang and Y. Xiao, "A comparison of the performance of graph breadth-first search algorithms based on OPENMP and CUDA," in 2024 9th International Symposium on Computer and Information Processing Technology (ISCIPT), 2024, pp. 307-311. doi: 10.1109/ISCIPT61983.2024.10672800.

E. Fu, H. Jananthan, and J. Kepner, "Algebraic Conditions on One-Step Breadth-First Search," in 2023 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC), 2023, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/URTC60662.2023.10534985.

C. Li, "Optimized Parallel Breadth-First Search with Adaptive Strategies," 2025, doi: 10.1145/3711708.3723449.

T. Mahmood, U. U. Rehman, W. Emam, and S. Yin, "Decision-Making Approach Based on Bipolar Complex Fuzzy Uncertain Linguistic Aggregation Operators," IEEE Access, vol. 12, no. March, pp. 56383-56399, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3389295.

Z. Zheng and A. K. Bashir, "Graph-Enabled Intelligent Vehicular Network Data Processing," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4726-4735, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2022.3158045.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-03

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Zero: Jurnal Sains Matematika dan Terapan

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).