Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Tobacco Farmers in Bojonegoro in Response to Climate Variability and the Economic Crisis, 1996–2000
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v10i1.29898Keywords:
Tobacco farmers, Climate variability, Economic crisis, Adaptation strategies, Bojonegoro.Abstract
This study examines the adaptation strategies adopted by smallholder tobacco farmers in Bojonegoro in response to climate variability and the economic pressures of the 1997–1998 economic crisis during 1996–2000. It addresses the limited historical research on the interaction between climate variability and economic crises in shaping tobacco farming. Using a historical method with a socio-economic approach, the study applied heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Data were obtained from statistical archives of Statistics Indonesia (BPS), archives of the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (Balittas), and interviews with tobacco farmers in Bojonegoro. The findings show that the 1997 El Nino, the 1998–2000 La Nina phenomena, and rising production costs during the economic crisis created significant challenges for tobacco farming. Farmers responded by selecting productive land, adjusting cultivated areas, and diversifying crops according to seasonal conditions and economic constraints. These strategies reduced production risks and supported household livelihoods. The study concludes that the sustainability of tobacco farming in Bojonegoro was largely determined by farmers' adaptive capacity in responding to environmental and economic change.References
Balittas. (1989). Penyuluhan budidaya dan pemasaran tembakau virginia di Kecamatan Tambakrejo, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Balittas.
Bernstein, H. (2010). Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change.
BPS. (1996). Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dalam Angka 1996. Perpustakaan BPS RI.
BPS. (1997). Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dalam Angka 1997. Perpustakaan BPS RI.
BPS. (1998). Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dalam Angka 1998. Perpustakaan BPS RI.
BPS. (1999). Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dalam Angka 1999. Perpustakaan BPS RI.
BPS. (2000a). Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dalam Angka 2000. Perpustakaan BPS RI.
BPS. (2000b). Statistik Harga Produsen Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia 1996-2000. Perpustakaan BPS RI.
Calanda, C. N., Hidayah, N., & Aulia, A. K. (2025). Gelombang Krisis 1997-1998: Runtuhnya Orde Baru dan Lahirnya Babak Baru Ekonomi Indonesia. Historia Pedagogia, 14(24).
Durroh, B., Masahid, M., & Fitriyani, H. (2024). Analisis Trend Produksi dan Harga Tembakau di Bojonegoro (Analysis of Tobacco Production and Prices Trends in Bojonegoro). Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Agribis, 24(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30742/jisa24220244127
Fahamsyah, E., Hukum, M., Pola, D., & Inti, P. (2017). Mekanisme Hukum dalam Pola Perusahaan Inti Rakyat Perkebunan Ermanto Fahamsyah. 2(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24912/era%20hukum.v15i1.663
Febriandika, N. R., & Rahayu, C. (2021). The Impact of Climate Change on Economic Conditions: Evidence in Indonesia. 14(2), 261–271.
Hapsari, O. D., & Wisnu. (2021). Perusahaan Rokok CV. Ulung Bojonegoro Tahun 1993-2015. AVATARA E-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah, 11(2), 1–18.
Haryanto, S. (2011). Sosiologi Ekonomi. Ar-Ruzz.
Hayati, M., & Maisaroh, S. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Petani dalam Pemilihan Komoditas (Studi Kasus Pada Tanaman Tembakau dan Padi Di Kabupaten Pamekasan). Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 12(2), 84–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v12i2.6276
Herlina, N., Azizah, N., & Putra Pradiga, E. (2020). Pengaruh Suhu dan Curah Hujan terhadap Produktivitas Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) di Kabupaten Malang. Plantropica: Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpt.2020.005.1.7
Irawan, B. (2006). Fenomena anomali iklim el nino dan la nina: kecenderungan jangka panjang dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi pangan. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 24(1), 28–45.
Juliá, R., & Duchin, F. (2013). Land Use Change and Global Adaptations to Climate Change. 5442–5459. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5125442
Kuntowijoyo. (2003). Metodologi Sejarah (Kedua). Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Maa’rif, Z., Sueadi, F., Glorino, M., & Pandin, R. (2025). Hubungan Perubahan Iklim dengan Ketahanan Petani Tembakau Di Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Indonesia. Academy of Education Journal, 16(2), 187–199.
Mahato, A. (2021). Climate change and its impact on agriculture. Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0010
Nadiyah, N. F. U. (2019). Pemasaran tembakau virginia bojonegoro tahun 1998–2015. Avatara, 7(3), 1–8.
Ngawit, I. K., Supeno, B., Jihadi, A., & Azhari, A. P. (2024). Efisiensi Pengusahaan Tembakau Melalui Peningkatan Aplikasi Pupuk Organik dan Pengurangan Pupuk NPK di Desa Mujur Kecamatan Praya Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah NTB. Alamtana: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat UNW Mataram, 5(3), 234–250. https://doi.org/10.51673/jaltn.v5i3.2321
Nugrohandhini, D. (2018). Kepastian Hukum Petani Plasma Pada Pola Pembiayaan Kemitraan Perkebunan Inti Rakyat Transmigrasi. Litigasi, 19(2), 192–212. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/litigasi.v19i2.1516
Prasetio, S. P. (2018). Perkembangan Tembakau di Bojonegoro Pada Tahun 1970-1995. Avatara: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 6(1), 91–101.
Saputri, S. S., Harisudin, M., & Riptanti, E. W. (2023). Development Strategies for Chopped Tobacco Agribusiness in the Anjang Kencono 13 Farmer Group in Klaten Regency. 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture for Rural Development (ICSARD 2022), 343–361. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-128-9_35
Scott, J. C. (1981). Moral Ekonomi Petani: Pergolakan dan Subsistensi di Asia Tenggara. Jakarta : LP3ES.
Soemarah, T. K., Supriyadi, T., & Suprapti, E. (2020). Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Terhadap Produksi Daun Tembakau(Nicotiana tabacum) Effect of Fertilizer Types on Tobacco Leaves Production (Nicotiana tabacum). Agrineca, 20(1), 1–8.
Stopzetting. (1929). De Indische Courant-Eerste Bland.
Sudarma, I. M., & As-syakur, A. R. (2018). Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sektor pertanian di Provinsi Bali. SOCA J. Sos. Ekon. Pertan, 12(1), 87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2018.v12.i01.p07
Wahyudi, M. E., Afivah, L. L., Rahmadai, N. F., Sari, D. R. M., Iswardani, F. A., Sudarti, S. A., & Mahmudi, K. A. (2024). Analisis Pengaruh Cuaca terhadap Kualitas Berbagai Jenis Tembakau. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(11), 448–453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12742154
Zuraida, Z. (2023). Kekerasan Simbolik pada Perempuan Multi Peran (Studi terhadap Ibu-Mahasiswa dalam Komunitas PhdMamaIndonesia). Jurnal Komunikasi, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31294/jkom.v14i1.14755
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Statement
1. Author(s)'s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author, and free of any third-party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
2. Right of Authors
JUSPI allows the author(s) to hold the copyright. Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:
- Reproduce the work.
- Prepare derivative works based on the work.
- Distribute copies of the work.
- Perform the work publicly.
- Display the work publicly.
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights.
- The right to self-archive the article (please read our Repository Policy).
- The right to enter separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (JUSPI).
3. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, any author submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. JUSPI will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. JUSPI will only communicate with the corresponding author.
4. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by JUSPI.
5. User/Public Right
JUSPI's spirit is to disseminate articles published as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, JUSPI permits users to share, copy, redistribute, display, and perform the material in any medium or format. Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Users will also need to attribute authors and JUSPI to distributing works in the journal and other media of publication.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
