BUILDING SELF-EFFICACY FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS' CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA: AN ASSET-BASED, GAME-SUPPORTED COMMUNITY PROGRAMME

Authors

  • Ponidi Ponidi Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia
  • Tika Dewi Institut Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan Binjai, Indonesia
  • Apriliani Apriliani Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Malahayati Medan, Indonesia
  • Rani Suraya Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia
  • Prima Yanti Siregar Akademi Manajemen Informatika Komputer ITMI, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Rezebri Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia
  • Putra Apriadi Siregar Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30829/jgsims.v7i1.26519

Keywords:

Self-Efficacy, Reproductive Health, Peer Education, ABCD, Educational Games.

Abstract

Background: Indonesian migrant workers' children in Malaysia face restricted access to formal schooling and reproductive-health (SRH) information. Objective: To design and implement a community-based SRH programme that builds children's self-efficacy using an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach supported by educational gaming. Methods: A community programme at El Shaddai Learning Centre (Kuala Lumpur) engaged 30 children (7-14 years). The ABCD cycle (discover-dream-design-deliver) informed asset mapping, shared visioning, co-designed content, and delivery/evaluation. The intervention comprised age-appropriate interactive talks and a cause-and-effect “snakes-and-ladders” board game. Formative and summative assessments (structured observation, brief oral quizzes) captured SRH understanding and early self-efficacy indicators. Results: Relative to baseline, participants demonstrated improved ability to define SRH, identify age-appropriate protective behaviours, and articulate consequences of risky choices. Early self-efficacy signals (e.g., refusal of unsafe invitations; concrete steps to maintain personal boundaries) were evident during group work and gameplay. Conclusions: An ABCD-anchored, game-supported format is feasible and acceptable in migrant settings. Sustainability should leverage peer-education, youth-friendly referrals, and light process indicators for ongoing monitoring.

References

Aibangbee, M., Micheal, S., Mapedzahama, V., Liamputtong, P., Pithavadian, R., Hossain, Z., Mpofu, E., & Dune, T. (2023). Migrant and Refugee Youth's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: A Scoping Review to Inform Policies and Programs. International Journal of Public Health, 68(June), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605801

Albert Sekhar, M., Edward, S., Grace, A., Pricilla, S. E., & G., S. (2024). Understanding Comprehensive Sexuality Education: A Worldwide Narrative Review. Cureus, 16(11). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.74788

Badre, D. (2025). Cognitive Control. Annual Review of Psychology, 76(1), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-022024-103901

BNP2TKI. (2025). Data Layanan Penempatan dan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia.

Borji-Navan, S., Maleki, N., & Keramat, A. (2024). Efficacy of Digital Health Interventions Used for Adolescent's Sexual Health: An Umbrella Review. Health Science Reports, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70212

Bouaddi, O., Zbiri, S., & Belrhiti, Z. (2023). Interventions to improve migrants' access to sexual and reproductive health services: A scoping review. BMJ Global Health, 8(6), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011981

Childrens Human Rights. (2019). Feasibility study on age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education to strengthen responses for - inter alia - preventing and combating violence, including risky or harmful sexual behaviour by children. www.coe.int/children

Debra, G., Michels, N., & Giletta, M. (2024). Cognitive control processes and emotion regulation in adolescence: Examining the impact of affective inhibition and heart-rate-variability on emotion regulation dynamics in daily life. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 70(March), 101454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101454

EVAC. (2023). Safe To Learn: Call To Action. End-Violence, 1-4. https://www.end-violence.org/safetolearn/call

Hetmantseva, N. D., Kiriiak, O. V., & Kozub, I. G. (2021). The Phenomenon of Labor Migration as a Determining Factor of Global Problems. Białostockie Studia Prawnicze, 26(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2021.26.01.05

ILO. (2021). ILO Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers Results and Methodology. In International Labour Office.

Ilskens, K., Wrona, K. J., Dockweiler, C., & Fischer, F. (2022). An Evidence Map on Serious Games in Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Adolescents: Systematic Review About Outcome Categories Investigated in Primary Studies. JMIR Serious Games, 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.2196/30526

Kaplan, I. (2022). Welcoming Diversity in the Learning Environment: Teachers' Handbook for Inclusive Education (S. Shaeffer & S. Barron (eds.); Vol. 17). UNESCO.

Kim, E. J., Park, B., Kim, S. K., Park, M. J., Lee, J. Y., Jo, A. R., Kim, M. J., & Shin, H. N. (2023). A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Comprehensive Sexuality Education Programs on Children and Adolescents. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182511

Kubota, S., Ando, M., Khambounheuang, S., Theppanya, K., Nanthavong, P., Tengbriacheu, C., Sisavanh, M., Khattiyod, T., Asai, D., Murray, J., & Sobel, H. (2024). A gap analysis of midwifery competency, pre- and in-service education for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and, adolescent health in Lao People's Democratic Republic. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 43, 100959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100959

Larrea-Schiavon, S., Vázquez-Quesada, L. M., Bartlett, L. R., Lam-Cervantes, N., Sripad, P., Vieitez, I., & Coutiño-Escamilla, L. (2022). Interventions to Improve the Reproductive Health of Undocumented Female Migrants and Refugees in Protracted Situations: A Systematic Review. Global Health Science and Practice, 10(6), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00418

Li, J., & Xue, E. (2023). Dynamic Interaction between Student Learning Behaviour and Learning Environment: Meta-Analysis of Student Engagement and Its Influencing Factors. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010059

Luciana, M., Barch, D., & Herting, M. M. (2023). Adolescent brain cognitive development study: Longitudinal methods, developmental findings, and associations with environmental risk factors. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 64(October). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101311

OECD. (2024). Social and Emotional Skills for Better Lives: Findings from the OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills 2023. In Social and Emotional Skills for Better Lives. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/social-and-emotional-skills-for-better-lives_35ca7b7c-en/full-report.html

Pacicco, J., Rew, J., Schutz, H., & Slater, S. (2025). Formative Instructional Practices , Self-Efficacy , and Math Achievement in 4 th Grade (Issue August).

PAHO. (2023). INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS' HEALTH.

Porusia, M., & Dewi, L. M. (2023). Promoting Health Improvement of Indonesian Migrant Workers and Their Children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 7(2), 211-225.

Sutan, R., & Siregar, P. P. (2022). Reproductive health practices and use of health services among immigrant Indonesian women working in Malaysia. Revista de Saude Publica, 56, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003811

UNICEF. (2022). Comprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030 for Child Rights and Resilience in the Education Sector. Unicef, 16. https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/CSSF 2022-2030 - Full version .pdf

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2020). Out-of-School Comprehensive Sexuality Education: An evidence-informed approach for non-formal, out-of-school programmes.

WMO. (2024). World Migration Report 2024. World Migration Report.

World Health Organization. (2021). Making every school a health-promoting school.

Downloads

Published

2026-03-05